Clitoromegaly
I-Clitoromegaly (noma i- macroclitoris ) ukukhuliswa okungajwayelekile kwe- clitoris ikakhulukazi okuzalwa noma okutholwayo, kepha ukukhuliswa kwe-clitoris okwenziwe ngamabomu njengendlela yokuguqulwa komzimba womuntu wesifazane kutholakala ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-anabolic steroids, kufaka phakathi i- testosterone . [1] [2] [3] [4] IClitoromegaly ayifani nokwandiswa okujwayelekile kwe-clitoris ebonwa ngesikhathi sokuvuswa kocansi .
Isethulo
hlelaUbubanzi obuhlukile bokungacaci kwezitho zobulili buvame ukulinganiswa ngezigaba zePrader, [5] eziklelanayo, ngokukhuphuka kokuhleleka kwamasculinisation, kusuka ku- 1 : izitho zangasese zesifazane zangaphandle ezine-clitoromegaly kuye ku- 5 : i-pseudo-phallus ebukeka njengezitho zobulili zangaphandle zesilisa ezijwayelekile .
Izimbangela
hlelaIClitoromegaly yisimo esingajwayelekile futhi singabakhona ngokuzalwa noma sitholwe kamuva empilweni.Uma ikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, i- congenital adrenal hyperplasia ingaba esinye sezimbangela, ngoba kulesi simo indlala ye-adrenal ye-fetus yabesifazane ikhiqiza ama-androgens athe xaxa kanti ingane esanda kuzalwa inezitho zangasese eziyindida ezingezona ezesilisa noma owesifazane ngokusobala.Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abathola i- norethisterone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwenzeka masculinization kwe-fetus, okuholele ekutheni i-hypertrophy ye-clitoris; [6] kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile ukubonwa kulezi zinsuku ngenxa yokusebenzisa ama- progestogens aphephile.It kungabuye okubangelwa autosomal esikhubazayo disorder azalwa naso eyaziwa ngokuthi iFraser syndrome . [7]
Ku-clitoromegaly etholakele, imbangela enkulu ukungalingani kwama-endocrine okuthinta owesifazane omdala, kufaka phakathi i- polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ne- hyperthecosis.I-clitoromegaly etholakalayo nayo ingabangelwa yi-pathologies ethinta ama-ovari nezinye izindlala ze-endocrine . Lezi zifo zingabandakanya i-virulent (njenge-arrhenoblastoma) kanye nezicubu ze- neurofibromatosic. [8] Enye imbangela ngama-cystal cysts. [9]Kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kungabi nasizathu esisobala somtholampilo noma sehomoni. [1]
I-Anatomy
hlelaKu- Atlas of Human Sex Anatomy (1949) kaRobert Latou Dickinson, i- clitoris ejwayelekile ichazwa njengobubanzi obunqamulelayo obungu-3 kuye ku-4 mm (0.12 - 0.16 amayintshi) nobude obude obungu-4 kuye ku-5 mm (0.16 - 0.20 amasentimitha).Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezincwadini zezokwelapha ze-Obstetrics and Gynecology, incazelo ejwayelekile ye-clitoromegaly kulapho kunenkomba ye-clitoral (umkhiqizo wobude obude nobubanzi obuwela) ongaphezu kuka-35 mm 2 (0.05 amayintshi 2 ), ecishe iphindwe kabili ngosayizi onikezwe ngaphezulu we- average clitoral hood.
Ukukhathazeka kwamalungelo abantu
hlelaUkwehliswa kokuqala kokuhlinzwa kwe-clitoromegaly ngokusebenzisa i- clitoridectomy ephelele noma eyingxenye kuyimpikiswano, futhi abesifazane abathandana nabobulili obuthile abathola le mpatho bakhulume ngokulahleka kwabo kwemizwa, kanye nokulahleka kokuzimela.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ziye zakugxeka ukusheshe kuhlinzekwe lezo zici. [10]
Ngo-2013, kwavezwa ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha ukuthi abasubathi besifazane abane abaziwayo abangaziwa abavela emazweni asathuthuka bangeniswa kuma-gonadectomies nakuma-clitoridectomies athile ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-testosterone kwembula ukuthi banesimo se-intersex. [11] [12]Ngo-Ephreli 2016, Umphenyi Wezindaba Ezihlangene weZizwe Ezihlangene kwezempilo, uDainius Pūras, wakugxeka lokhu kwelashwa njengohlobo lokucwaswa kwabesifazane "ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma izinkinga zezempilo eziqinisekisa lezo zinqubo." [13]
Bhekafuthi
hlela- I-Pseudo-penis, i-clitoris enwetshiwe noma esinye isakhiwo esifana nepipi esivame ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezinambuzane
Izinkomba
hlela- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Idiopathic isolated clitoromegaly: A report of two cases.
- ↑ Controversies on clitoroplasty.
- ↑ Metoidioplasty: a variant of phalloplasty in female transsexuals.
- ↑ Physical and hormonal evaluation of transsexual patients: a longitudinal study.
- ↑ (in de) Der genitalbefund beim Pseudohermaproditismus femininus des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndroms. Morphologie, Hausfigkeit, Entwicklung und Vererbung der verschiedenen Genitalformen.
- ↑ "Norethisterone and gestational diabetes". The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 32 (3): 233–8. August 1992. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.1992.tb01954.x. PMID 1445134.
- ↑ "Fraser syndrome: a clinical study of 59 cases and evaluation of diagnostic criteria". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 143A (24): 3194–203. December 2007. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31951. PMID 18000968.
- ↑ Acquired clitoral enlargement. Diagnosis and treatment.
- ↑ Clitoral cyst as a cause of ambiguous genitalia.
- ↑ Council of Europe (April 2015), Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper, https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CommDH/IssuePaper(2015)1&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original
- ↑ Molecular Diagnosis of 5α-Reductase Deficiency in 4 Elite Young Female Athletes Through Hormonal Screening for Hyperandrogenism.
- ↑ Sex, health, and athletes.
- ↑ Sport and healthy lifestyles and the right to health. Report A/HRC/32/33, archived from the original on 2016-12-15, https://web.archive.org/web/20161215111551/http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A%2FHRC%2F32%2F33, retrieved 2021-10-11