INcwadi kaMormoni

INcwadi kaMormoni ingumbhalo ongcwele wenhlangano yeLatter Day Saint, okuthi, ngokwe-Latter Day Saint theology, iqukethe imibhalo yabaprofethi basendulo ababehlala ezwenikazi laseMelika kusukela cishe ku-2200 BC kuya ku-AD 421. Yashicilelwa okokuqala ngoMashi 1830 nguJoseph Smith ethi The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi.I-Book of Mormon ingenye yemibhalo yokuqala eyingqayizivele yenhlangano ye-Latter Day Saint, amahlelo awo abheka umbhalo ngokuyinhloko njengombhalo, futhi okwesibili njengerekhodi elingokomlando lokusebenzelana kukaNkulunkulu nezakhamuzi zasendulo zaseMelika. izifundiswa nezinhlangano ezixolayo zilwela ukuqinisa le ncwadi njengeyiqiniso ngokomlando ngezifundo zabo, kepha imiphakathi ejwayelekile yemivubukulo, yomlando kanye neyesayensi ayiyibheki iNcwadi kaMormoni njengerekhodi lasendulo lezehlakalo zomlando zangempela.

Ngokwe-akhawunti kaSmith kanye nokulandisa kwale ncwadi, iNcwadi kaMormoni ekuqaleni yayibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezingaziwa okwakuthiwa "yiGibhithe elenziwe kabusha" liqoshwe ezingcwepheni zegolide. USmith wathi umprofethi wokugcina ukufaka isandla kule ncwadi, indoda egama linguMoroni, wayingcwaba eHill Cumorah eManchester yanamuhla, eNew York, ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wabe esevela embonweni kuSmith ngo-1827 njengengelosi, embula ukuthi amapuleti ayephi, futhi emyalela ukuba ahumushele amapuleti esiNgisini ukuze asetshenziswe ekubuyiseni ibandla likaKrestu leqiniso ezinsukwini zokugcina. Abanye abagxeki bathi yabhalwa nguSmith, ethathela kokuqukethwe kanye nemibono evela endaweni yakhe yangekhulu le-19 leminyaka kunokuhumusha umbhalo wasendulo.

INcwadi kaMormoni inezingxoxo eziningi ezifundisayo ngezihloko ezifana nokuwa kuka-Adam no-Eva,uhlobo lokuhlawulelwa kobuKristu, i-eschatology, ukuhlengwa ekufeni ngokomzimba nangokomoya, nenhlangano isonto lezinsuku zokugcina. Umcimbi obalulekile wencwadi ukuvela kukaJesu Kristu emazweni aseMelika ngemuva nje kokuvuka kwakhe.

INcwadi kaMormoni ihlukaniswe yaba yizincwadi ezincane, ezibizwa ngamagama abantu ababizwe njengababhali abaphambili noma abanye ababheki berekhodi lasendulo iNcwadi kaMormoni izichaza ngokuthi futhi, ezinguqulweni eziningi, ihlukaniswe zaba izahluko namavesi. Kubhalwe ngesiNgisi okucishe kufane nesitayela solimi lwesiNgisi i-Early Modern English seKing James Version yeBhayibheli, futhi selokhu sahunyushelwa ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye ezilimini eziyi-112.Kusukela ngo-2020, kwase kuprintiwe amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-192 eNcwadi kaMormoni.

Imvelaphi

Ngokusho kukaJoseph Smith, wayeneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa lapho ingelosi kaNkulunkulu egama linguMoroni yavela kuye yathi iqoqo lemibhalo yasendulo yagqitshwa egqumeni eliseduze eWayne County, eNew York yanamuhla. izingcwephe zegolide ngabaprofethi basendulo. Le mibhalo kwathiwa ichaza abantu uNkulunkulu ayebahole kusukela eJerusalema baya eNtshonalanga Ningizimu eminyakeni engu-600 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaJesu. Ngokomlando, uMoroni wayengumprofethi wokugcina phakathi kwalaba bantu futhi wayengcwabe umbhalo, uNkulunkulu ayethembise ukuwuletha ezinsukwini zokugcina. USmith wathi lo mbono wenzeka kusihlwa ngoSepthemba 21, 1823, nokuthi ngosuku olulandelayo, ngokuholwa nguNkulunkulu, wathola indawo okwakungcwatshwa kuyo amapuleti kuleli gquma; wayalwa nguMoroni ukuthi ahlangane naye egqumeni elifanayo ngoSepthemba 22 wonyaka olandelayo ukuthola eminye imiyalelo; nokuthi, eminyakeni emine kusukela ngalolu suku, isikhathi sasizofika sokuthi "sibakhiphe", okungukuthi, ukuwahumusha. Incazelo kaSmith yale micimbi ilandisa ukuthi wavunyelwa ukuthatha amapuleti ngoSepthemba 22, 1827, okuyiminyaka emine ngqo kusuka ngalolo suku, futhi wayeyalelwe ukuthi awahumushele esiNgisini.

Njengoba uSmith nabantu besikhathi sakhe babika, umbhalo wesandla waseNgilandi weNcwadi kaMormoni wakhiqizwa njengababhali babhala phansi ukubizelwa kukaSmith ngezikhathi eziningi phakathi kuka-1828 no-1829,ngokubizelwa kweNcwadi kaMormoni eyayikhona yaqedwa ngo-1829 cishe ezinsukwini zokusebenza ezingama-60-74. Izincazelo zendlela uSmith ayala ngayo iNcwadi kaMormoni ziyahlukahluka. USmith uqobo wabiza iNcwadi kaMormoni njengomsebenzi ohunyushiwe, kepha emphakathini wayechaza inqubo uqobo kuphela ngamagama angacacile, njengokusho ukuthi wahumusha "ngesipho namandla kaNkulunkulu." Ngokwamanye ama-akhawunti avela emndenini wakhe nabangane ngaleso sikhathi, ekuqaleni, uSmith wayekopisha abalingiswa emapuleti njengengxenye yenqubo yokufunda ukuhumusha ikhophasi yokuqala. Ngokweningi lale nqubo, ama-akhawunti achaza uSmith elawula lo mbhalo ngokuwufunda njengoba wawuvela ematsheni okubona ayesenawo noma kuqoqo lwezibuko ezazihambisana namapuleti, ezilungiselelwe yiNkosi ngenhloso yokuhumusha. Imibukwane, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "abahumushi bamaNefi," noma "i-Urimi neThumimi," ngemuva kwamatshe okubhula aseBhayibhelini, bachazwa ngofakazi njengamatshe amabili oboni acacile ahlanganiswa nxazonke zensimbi, futhi ahlanganiswa nesivikelo sesifuba. Kusukela ngabo-1832, bobabili abahumushi kanye netshe lemboni kwesinye isikhathi babebizwa nge- "Urimi neThumimi", kanti uSmith kwesinye isikhathi wayelisebenzisa leli gama ngokushintshana nelithi "izibuko". Ama-akhawunti ka-Emma Smith noDavid Whitmer achaza uSmith esebenzisa otolika ngenkathi ethi uMartin Harris abhale futhi aguqulele ekusebenziseni kuphela amatshe akhe abona ekuhumusheni okwalandela. Ama-Akhawunti wenqubo yokubizela kukaSmith, njengoJoseph Knight, amchaza ebeka abahumushi noma amatshe esigqokweni esiphezulu futhi, "Kumnyama [eningisa] amehlo akhe bese ethatha isigwebo bese sizovela ngezinhlamvu ezigqamile zesiRoma. Bese ezotshela umbhali futhi wayeyibhala ". Ekuqaleni, uSmith kwesinye isikhathi wayezihlukanisa nombhali wakhe ngengubo yokulala phakathi kwabo, njengoba enza ngenkathi uMartin Harris ebhala ukubizela kwakhe. Kamuva ekuqhubekeni, njengalapho u-Oliver Cowdery noma u-Emma Smith babhala, amapuleti ayeshiywa embozwe obala, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zokubizela amapuleti ayengekho nhlobo.

Incazelo yokuqala kaSmith eyashicilelwa yamapuleti yathi amapuleti "ayebukeka njengegolide". Bachazwe nguMartin Harris, ongomunye wababhali bakaSmith bokuqala, ngokuthi "baboshelwa ndawonye ngesimo sencwadi ngezintambo." USmith wabiza umbhalo obhalwe emapuletini "ngeGibhithe eliguquliwe". Ingxenye yombhalo osezingcwepheni nayo "yavalwa" ngokwe-akhawunti yakhe, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwayo kwakungafakwanga eNcwadini kaMormoni.

Ngaphezu kwe-akhawunti kaSmith maqondana namacwecwe, abanye abayishumi nanye bavunyelwa ngokomthetho ukubona izingcwecwe zegolide ezingamboziwe futhi, kwezinye izimo, baziphatha.Ubufakazi babo obubhaliwe baziwa ngokuthi yi-Testimony of Three Witness, abachaza ukubona izingcwecwe embonweni ngengelosi, kanye ne-Testimony of Eight Witness, abachaza ukuphatha izingcwecwe njengoba kukhonjiswe nguSmith. Lezi zitatimende zishicilelwe ezincwadini eziningi zeNcwadi kaMormoni. Ngaphezu kukaSmith nalawa ayishumi nanye, abanye abaningi bachaza ukuhlangana namacwecwe ngokuwabamba noma ukuwahambisa esongwe ngendwangu, yize bengazibonanga izingcwephe uqobo lwawo, futhi abesifazane ababili babika ukuthi bazibona ngqo izingcwephe embonweni wezingelosi. UJosiah Stowell, umuntu amjwayele, kamuva wafakaza ngaphansi kwesifungo ukuthi wabamba amazwibela amapuleti embuliwe, yize engachazanga ingelosi efana nalaba besifazane ababili.

Okukhona

Isihloko

USmith uthe ikhasi lesihloko, futhi mhlawumbe isihloko sangempela sohlelo lwango-1830, sivela ekuhumusheni "iqabunga lokugcina" lamapuleti egolide, futhi sabhalwa ngumphrofethi-mlando uMoroni. [74] [75] Ikhasi lesihloko lithi injongo yeNcwadi kaMormoni "ukukhombisa insali yendlu yakwa-Israyeli izinto ezinkulu iNkosi eyenzele oyise; ... futhi nasekukholiseni amaJuda nabeZizwe ukuthi uJesu unguKristu, uNkulunkulu waphakade, ezibonakalisa ezizweni zonke. "

Inhlangano

INcwadi kaMormoni ihlelwe njengeqoqo lezincwadi ezincane, ngayinye iqanjwe ngegama lomlandisi wayo omkhulu noma umholi ovelele, kuqala ngeNcwadi yokuqala kaNefi (1 uNifayi) futhi iphetha ngeNcwadi kaMoroni.

Ukulandelana kwencwadi ngokuyinhloko kulandelana ngokulandelana kokuqukethwe okulandisayo kwencwadi. Okuhlukile kubalwa ama-Words of Mormon kanye ne-Book of Ether. I-Words of Mormon iqukethe ukuhlaziya kokuhlela okwenziwe nguMormon. Incwadi ka-Ether yethulwa njengenganekwane yeqembu langaphambili labantu ababefike ezwenikazi laseMelika ngaphambi kokufuduka kwabantu okuchazwe ku-1 Nefi. Okokuqala uNifayi kuya ku-Omni kulotshiwe ekulandiseni komuntu wokuqala, njengoMormon noMoroni. Insalela yeNcwadi kaMormoni ibhalwe emlandweni womuntu wesithathu, okuthiwa wahlanganiswa futhi wafinyezwa nguMormoni (noMoroni efinyeza iNcwadi ka-Ether futhi ebhala ingxenye yokugcina kaMormoni kanye neNcwadi kaMoroni).

Izinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla zale ncwadi zehlukaniswe zaba izahluko namavesi. Izinhlobo eziningi zale ncwadi ziqukethe nezinto ezengeziwe, ezifaka phakathi "Ubufakazi BaboFakazi Abathathu" kanye ne- "Testimony of Eight Witness" ezavela kushicilelo lokuqala lwango-1830 nakuwo wonke ama-Saint Latter-day Saint edition ngemuva kwalokho.

Ukulandelana kwezikhathi

Isihloko esikhulu: Ukulandelana kwezikhathi zeNcwadi kaMormoni

Izincwadi ezisuka ku-First Nephi ziya ku-Omni zichazwa njengezivela "emapuletini amancane kaNefi". Le akhawunti iqala eJerusalema lasendulo cishe ngonyaka ka-600 BC. Ilandisa ngendoda egama layo linguLehi, umndeni wayo, nabanye abaningi njengoba beholwa uNkulunkulu besuka eJerusalema ngaphambi nje kokuwa kwalowo muzi kuye kwabaseBabiloni ngonyaka ka 586 BC. Incwadi ichaza uhambo lwabo lokunqamula inhlonhlo yase-Arabia, bese beya "ezweni lesethembiso", eMelika, ngomkhumbi. [80] Lezi zincwadi zilandisa ngokusebenzisana kweqembu kusukela cishe ku-600 BC kuya cishe ku-130 BC, ngaleso sikhathi umphakathi wakhula wahlukana waba ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu, abizwa ngamaNefi namaLamani, ayevame ukulwa bodwa.

Ukulandela lesi sigaba ngamagama kaMormoni. Le ncwadi encane, okuthiwa yabhalwa ngo-AD 385 nguMormoni, iyisingeniso esifushane sezincwadi zikaMosiah, Alma, Helaman, Third Nephi, neFourth Nephi. Lezi zincwadi zichazwa njengezikhanselwe zisuka kunqwaba yamarekhodi akhona abizwa ngokuthi "izingcwecwe ezinkulu zikaNefi" ezichaza kabanzi umlando wabantu kusukela esikhathini sika-Omni kuye empilweni kaMormon uqobo. I-Book of Third Nephi ibaluleke kakhulu eNcwadini kaMormoni ngoba iqukethe ukuvakasha kukaJesu evela ezulwini waya eMelika ngesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokuvuka nokwenyuka kwakhe. Lo mbhalo uthi phakathi nalolu hambo lwaseMelika, waphinda imfundiso efanayo kanye nokufundiswa okunikezwe emaVangelini eBhayibheli futhi wasungula umphakathi okhanyayo, onokuthula owabekezelela izizukulwane ezimbalwa, kodwa owagcina uqhekeke waba amaqembu alwayo futhi.

Incwadi noma isigaba ngaphakathi kweNcwadi enkulu kaMormoni ekhuluma ngezehlakalo ezenzeka empilweni kaMormoni ibizwa nangokuthi yiNcwadi kaMormoni. UMormon kuthiwa wathola icala lokunakekela amarekhodi ayefihliwe, lapho esemdala ngokwanele. Incwadi ifaka ukulandisa ngezimpi, ukuhola kukaMormon kwezingxenye zebutho lamaNefi, nokubuyisa kwakhe nokunakekela amarekhodi. UMormon ekugcineni ubulawa ngemuva kokuhambisa amarekhodi endodaneni yakhe uMoroni