INgqalaba
Ingqalaba (ibizo elithathwe esikhwameni senyanga sokuthwala imithi) isakhiwo esihlinzeka ngezimo ezilawulwayo lapho okwenziwa khona ucwaningo lwenzululwazi noma lwezobuchwepheshe, imigcanso, nokulinganisa. Izinkonzo ezenziwa engqalabeni zihlinzekwa ngezizinda ezihlukahlukene: amahhovisi abelaphi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela, kanye nezikhungo zokuphathela zesifunda noma zikazwelonke.
Imbuyekezo hlela
Ukuhlelwa neziqikili zezingqalaba zinqunywa izimfuneko ezihlukayo zongoti abasebenzi kuzo. INgqalaba yomchazandalo ingaqukatha isikhawulezisi senhlayiya (particle accelerator) noma ingosi yelinya (vacuum chamber), kuyilapho engqalabeni yokucandinkimbi (metallurgy) kungaba nethuluzi lokubumba noma ukucandula izinkimbi noma ukuvivinya ukuqina kwazo. Umthakizinhlwa (chemist) noma umchazimpilo bangasebenzisa ingqalaba emanzi, kuyilapho ingqalaba yomchazingqondo (psychologist) kungaba igumbi elinezibuko ezibheke nhlanye nezithwebuli ezifihliwe zokuqapha ukuziphatha. Kwezinye izingqalaba, njengakulezo ezisetshenziswa usonzululwazi besiCikizi, iziCikizi (noma iziCikizikazi) ziyasetshrnziswa ekwenzeni imifefenyeko noma ukuhlaziya imininingo. Osonzululwazi kweminye imikhakha basebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezingqalaba. Osonjiniyela basebenzisa izingqalaba ukuze baklame, bakhe, futhi bavivinye iziLekeleli zobuchwepheshe.
Izingqalaba zenzululwazi ziyatholakala njengamagumbi wokucwaninga nezindawo zokufundela ezikoleni nasenanyuvesi, Imboni, kuhulumeni, noma ezakhiweni zombutho wempi, ngisho nasemikhumbini nakuzo izindizamkhathi.
