Izithelo
E- botany, isithelo isakhiwo sokuzala imbewu ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo esakhiwa esibelethweni ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Izithelo yizindlela izitshalo eziqhakazayo (ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-angiosperms ) ezisabalalisa imbewu yazo.Izithelo ezidliwayo ikakhulukazi sekuyisikhathi eside zisakazwa kusetshenziswa ukunyakaza kwabantu nezilwane ebudlelwaneni obusondelene obuyindlela yokusakazeka kwembewu kweqembu elilodwa nokondleka kwelinye; empeleni, abantu nezilwane eziningi sebencike ezithelweni njengomthombo wokudla .Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo zibanga ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo wezolimo emhlabeni, kanti ezinye (njenge- aphula nehalananda ) zithole izincazelo eziningi zamasiko nezimpawu.
Ekusetshenzisweni kolimi okuvamile, "isithelo" ngokujwayelekile sisho izakhiwo ezihambisana nembewu (noma umkhiqizo) wezitshalo ezivame ukuba mnandi noma zimuncu futhi zidliwe endaweni eluhlaza, njengama- apula, ubhanana, amagilebhisi, ulamula, amawolintshi, kanye nama- strawberry .Lapho lisetshenziswa Botanical, igama elithi "izithelo" ifaka izakhiwo eziningi ezingenziwanga evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izithelo", ezifana nati, emabhontjisi pods, corn izikhwebu, utamatisi, futhi ukolweni okusanhlamvu.
I-Botanical vs. CulinaryEdit
Amagama amaningi olimi ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa izithelo nembewu ahlukile ekuhlukanisweni kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, e-botany, isithelo yi- ovary evuthiwe noma i-carpel equkethe imbewu; isb. i-apula noma ipomegranati - noma utamatisi (bona umdwebo kaVenn). Amantongomane uhlobo lwesithelo (hhayi imbewu), kanti imbewu iyi- ovule evuthiwe .Ngolimi oluphekwayo, <i id="mwVQ">isithelo</i>, esibizwa kanjalo, yisiphuzo esiphundu noma esingemnandi (noma simuncu) sokunambitha kwesitshalo esithile (isb. Ipentshisi, ipheya noma ulamula); Amantongomane aqinile, anamafutha, akhiqiza isitshalo esingelamnandi kumagobolondo (i- hazelnut, i- acorn ). Imifino, ebizwa kanjalo, imvamisa ingumkhiqizo onomsoco noma ongewona ushukela (i-zucchini, ulethisi, i-broccoli, notamatisi); kepha amanye angaba mnandi (ubhatata). [1]
Izibonelo zezithelo ezihlukaniswe ngezitshalo ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngemifino zifaka: ikhukhamba, ithanga, nesikwashi ( konke kungamakhukhamba ); ubhontshisi, amakinati, nophizi ( yonke imidumba ); ummbila, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele wensimbi (noma upelepele omnandi), notamatisi, (bona isithombe). Izinongo zikapelepele kanye ne- allspice izithelo, uma kukhulunywa ngezitshalo.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- rhubarb ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isithelo lapho isetshenziselwa ukwenza ophaya, kepha umkhiqizo odliwayo we-rhubarb empeleni isiqu seqabunga noma i- petiole yesitshalo.Izinhlamvu ze- gymnosperm ezidliwayo zivame ukunikezwa amagama ezithelo, isb. Amantongomane e- ginkgo namantongomane kaphayini .
Ngokwe-Botanically, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, okufana nommbila, ilayisi, noma ukolweni luhlobo lwesithelo (olubizwa nge- caryopsis ).Kodwa-ke, udonga lwezithelo luncane futhi luxhunywe embewini yembewu, ngakho-ke cishe zonke izithelo-zokusanhlamvu ezidliwayo empeleni ziyimbewu.
- ↑ For a Supreme Court of the United States ruling on the matter, see Nix v. Hedden.