Izithelo
Kumchazazitshalo, isithelo siwuhlaka oluzala imbewu ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo olubumbeka esizalweni ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Izithelo yizindlela izitshalo eziqhakazayo (ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-angiosperms ) ezisabalalisa imbewu yazo. Izithelo ezidliwayo ikakhulukazi sekuyisikhathi eside zisakazwa kusetshenziswa ukufuduka kwabantu nezilwane ebudlelwaneni obusondelene obuyindlela yokusakazeka kwembewu kweqembu elilodwa nokondleka kwelinye; empeleni, abantu nezilwane eziningi sebencike ezithelweni njengomthombo wokudla .Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo zibanga ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo wezolimo emhlabeni, kanti ezinye (njenge- iphumezi nehalananda ) zithole izincazelo eziningi zamasiko nezimpawu.
Ekusetshenzisweni kolimi okuvamile, "isithelo" ngokujwayelekile sisho izakhiwo ezihambisana nembewu (noma umkhiqizo) wezitshalo ezivame ukuba mnandi noma zimuncu futhi zidliwe endaweni eluhlaza, njengama- iphumezi, ubhanana, umhleke, umhlina, intshungwa, kanye namaumkomfana. Lapho lisetshenziswa ngokomcazazitshalo igama elithi "izithelo" lifaka izinhlaka eziningi ezingenziwanga ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izithelo", ezifana nati, izindumba zamaqobolondo, izikhwebu zombila, intshelane, kanye nomdloyo okusanhlamvu.
Ezomchazazitshalo vs. Ezokuqitha
hlela
Amagama amaningi olimi ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa izithelo nembewu ahlukile ekuhlukanisweni kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, kumchazazitshalo, isithelo yisizalo esivuthiwe esqukethe imbewu; isb. iphumezi noma umhalinandi - noma intshelane (bona umdwebo kaVenn). Amantongomane uhlobo lwesithelo (hhayi imbewu), kanti imbewu iyi- ovule evuthiwe .Ngolimi lokuqitha, <i id="mwVQ">isithelo</i>, esibizwa kanjalo, yisiphuzo esiphundu noma esingemnandi (noma simuncu) sokunambitha kwesitshalo esithile (isb. umthobokala, umganandoda noma umhlina); Amantongomane aqinile, anamafutha, akhiqiza isitshalo esingelamnandi kumagobolondo. Imifino, ebizwa kanjalo, imvamisa ingumkhiqizo onomsoco noma ongewona ushukela (umfulwa, umsenge, UmBumane, nentshelane); kepha amanye angaba mnandi (ubhatata). [1]
Izibonelo zezithelo ezihlukaniswe ngezitshalo ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngemifino zifaka: umtango, ithanga, nesikwashi ( konke kusamtango); amaqobolondo, umkhwili, umqoqo (yonke eyimidumba ); ummbila, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele wensimbi (noma upelepele omnandi), intshelane, (bona isithombe). Izinongo zikapelepele kanye ne- allspice izithelo, uma kukhulunywa ngezitshalo.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- rhubarb ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isithelo lapho isetshenziselwa ukwenza ophaya, kepha umkhiqizo odliwayo we-rhubarb empeleni isiqu seqabunga noma i- petiole yesitshalo.Izinhlamvu ze- gymnosperm ezidliwayo zivame ukunikezwa amagama ezithelo, isb. Amantongomane e- ginkgo namantongomane kaphayini .
Amagama wezithelo ngesiZulu.
- African star - isAlazane
- Apple - iPhumezi
- Apricot - umNozane
- Avacado - uKwatapheya
- Banana - uBhanana
- Blackberry - iJingijolo
- Blueberry - iNhlamvulu
- Calabash - uSelwa
- Cherry - uMantshibe
- Cranberry - IsiThubuka
- Dragon fruit - inHlabangwane
- Granadilla - iJembuluka
- Grapes - umHleke
- Grape fruit - iKhakhangeji
- Guava - isiPhofu
- Fig - iKhiwane, umDenda, iKhukhuboya
- Kiwi - umGqumunundu
- Kumquat - umChoko
- Lemon - umHlina
- Lime - umCako
- Lychee - umGebezani
- Mulberry - iTshalo
- Mango - umKanya
- Morula - umGano
- Naartjie - iNgeji
- Orange - intshungwa
- Passion fruit - isiMiliminci
- Papaya - iNhlwanyene
- Peach - umThobokala
- Pear - umGanandoda
- Plantian - uKhova
- Prickly pear - umTolofiya, iBhoma
- Plum - umTshudansomi
- Pineapple - inHlabanjalo
- Pomegranate - umHalinandi
- Tangerine - umThamuji
- Raspberry - umKleleva
- Strawberry - umkomfanaka
- Starfruit - umKwezi
- Watermelon - iKhabe
- Salacia Kraussi - iBhonsi
- Sesamum indicum - uDonqa
- Strychnos mackeni - umGulukuza
- Cape gooseberry - uGqumgqum
- Harpephyllum - uGwenya
- Tasselberry - umHlakanyoni
- Arum lilly - uHlukwe
- Vigna Triloba - isiKhwali
- Erythroxylon pictum - umNcaka
- ↑ For a Supreme Court of the United States ruling on the matter, see Nix v. Hedden.