Muhammad

Muhammad (Arabic: محمد) (c 570 CE - 632 CE Juni 8) ^[1] kuyinto umsunguli we Islam.^[2] Ubizwa ngokuthi "umprofethi oNgcwele" for Muslims. Yena lo mprofethi last eyayithunywe uNkulunkulu ukubuyisela Islam.

Ukuzalwa

Muhammad wazalwa cishe 570 CE emzini ka Arabia Mecca. Igama likaYise Abdullah. Igama likamama Amina.^[3]

Ukuphila eMecca

Ebuntwaneni

Ubaba Muhammad washona ezinyangeni 6 ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Ngesikhathi ngineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, Muhammad walahlekelwa unina Amina waba uyintandane.^[4] Phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela, waze waba neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, Muhammad kwaba ngaphansi sivikelwe kakhokho wakhe abdul Muttalib. At Teenages Muhammad ephelezelwa umalume wakhe, Syria ukuhweba uhambo. Ngenxa yobuntu bakhe okuhle wathola isidlaliso "Al-Amin", okusho "ethembekile, enokwethenjelwa" futhi "al-Sadiq," okusho ukuthi "truthful".^[5]

Ngesambulo sokuqala

umnyango emhumeni Hira

Lapho Muhammad eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, wayesanda bachitha amahora amaningi bezama uzama umthandazo.^[6] Muhammad ukucabangela bokuvukela komphakathi, ukungabi nabulungisa, ukubandlulula okwandile ngokumelene nabo phakathi kwezizwe zakwa. In Hira emhumeni ingelosi jibril bavele ngaphambi Muhammad. jibril wathi "Funda", kodwa Muhammad waphendula: "Angikwazi ukufunda". ingelosi wambamba, wamgona. Muhammad Ivesi lokuqala Qur'anic lithi. lena ngesambulo sokuqala.

Imithombo

↑ Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,Template:Page needed University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
↑ Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 July 2012.
↑
* Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
- Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.
- Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon". The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
↑ Watt, Amina, Encyclopaedia of Islam
↑ Watt (1974), p. 8.
↑ Shibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore

[Goldman-1] Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,Template:Page needed University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

[2] Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 July 2012.

[abraha-3] * Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152608/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.

Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon". The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-11.

[4] Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.

[5] Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon". The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105021544/http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-11.

[4] Watt, Amina, Encyclopaedia of Islam

[Watt8-5] Watt (1974), p. 8.

[Shibli1-6] Shibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore

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