Wikipedia

UChristiaan Barnard

Umlando ka Christiaan Neethling Barnard

hlela

UChristiaan Neethling Barnard (Mhlazi-8 kuLwezi kowezi-1922 kuya kumhlazi-2 kuMandulo kowezi- 2001) wayengu <b>Dokotela</b> ohlinzayo wenhliziyo waseNingizimu Afrika owenza ukuhlinzwa kokuqala emhlabeni ukufakelwa inhliziyo kusuka kumuntu oyedwa kuya komunye umuntu.[1][2] Ngomhlaka-3 Disemba kowezi-1967, uBarnard wafakela inhliziyo yesisulu sengozi UDenise Darvall esifubeni sikaLouis Washkansky oneminyaka engama-54 ubudala owaphaphama ngokuphelele futhi wakwazi ukukhuluma kalula nomkakhe, ngaphambi kokuba afe ezinsukwini eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kamuva ngenxa yenimoni, ngokuyinhloko eyabangelwa imithi yokulwa nokwenqaba eyayicindezela isimiso sakhe sokuzivikela komzimba.[3][4] UBarnard wayetshele uMnu. noNkk. Washkansky ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kunamathuba angama-80% empumelelo, ukuhlolwa okuye kwagxekwa njengokukhohlisa.[5][6][7] Isiguli sesibili sikaBarnard, UPhilip Blaiberg, ohlinzwa ekuqaleni kowezi-1968, wabuyela ekhaya esuka esibhedlela futhi waphila unyaka nengxenye.[8][9][10]

Wazalelwa entshonalanga yase Beaufort, esifundazweni saseKapa, uBarnard wafunda ezokwelapha futhi wasebenza iminyaka eminingana eNingizimu Afrika yakubo. Njengodokotela osemusha owenza ucwaningo ngezinja, uBarnard wasungula ikhambi lokwehluleka kwezingane kwe-i-atresia yamathumbu. Indlela yakhe yasindisa ukuphila kwezingane eziyishumi eKapa futhi yamukelwa odokotela abahlinzayo eBrithani nase-United States.[11] Ngowezi-1955, waya e-United States futhi ekuqaleni wabelwa umsebenzi owengeziwe wezifo zesisu ngu-Owen Harding Wangensteen eNyuvesi yase Minnesota.[12] Wethulwa emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu, futhi uBarnard wavunyelwa ukuba adluliselwe enkonzweni eqondiswa yiphayona lokuhlinza inhliziyo okuvulekile UWalt Lillehei.[13] Lapho ebuyela eNingizimu Afrika ngowezi-1958, uBarnard wamiswa njengenhloko yoMnyango Wezokuhlinza Okuhlolwayo esibhedlela i Schuur, eKapa.[14][15]

Wathatha umhlalaphansi njengenhloko yoMnyango Wezokuhlinzwa Kwezinhliziyo eKapa ngowezi-1983 ngemuva kokuba I-rheumatoid arthritis ezandleni zakhe iphele umsebenzi wakhe wokuhlinza. Waba nesithakazelo ekucwaningeni kokulwa nokuguga, futhi ngowezi-1986 idumela lakhe lalimala lapho ekhuthaza I-Glycel, ukhilimu wesikhumba obizayo "okulwa nokuguga", owawuvunyelwe abezokuphathwa kwezokudla nezokudlae-UAnited States ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe esele, wasungula isiseko siks Christian Barnard, ezinikele ekusizeni izingane eziphansi emhlabeni wonke. Washona ngowezi-2001 eneminyaka engama-78 ubudala ngemuva kokuhlaselwa isifuba somoya.[16]

  1. ↑ Organ Donation, GlobalViewpoints, Margaret Haerens editor, Detroit, New York, San Francisco, New Haven, Conn., Waterville, Maine, U.S.; London, England, UK: Greenhaven Press, 2013.
  2. ↑ The operation that took medicine into the media age, BBC, Ayesha Nathoo (Centre for Medical History, University of Exeter), 3 December 2017. The photo caption incorrectly states Louis Washkansky was the first heart transplant recipient, when in actuality he was second. Boyd Rush with physician James D. Hardy was the first person to receive a heart transplant in 1964.
  3. ↑ S Afr Med J, "A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town", Barnard CN, 30 December 1967; 41(48): 1271–74.
  4. ↑ Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart, Donald McRae, New York: Penguin (Berkley/Putnam), 2006. See esp. Ch. 10 "The Wait" and Ch. 11 "Fame and Heartbreak", pages 173–214.
  5. ↑ Calculated Risks: How to Know When Numbers Deceive You, Gerd Gigerenzer, Simon & Schuster, 2002.
  6. ↑ A Companion to Bioethics, Second Edition, Helga Kuhse, Peter Singer, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
  7. ↑ Every Second Counts, McRae, pages 176, 190.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named New-York-Times-2001-obituary-Christiaan-Barnard
  9. ↑ Philip Blaiberg was dying—this time for certain, Chicago Tribune, Mrs. Philip Blaiberg, 12 October 1969, page 68.
  10. ↑ 1. Heart transplantation. S Afr Med J. 1967;41:1257–1278. [Google Scholar]
  11. ↑ Every Second Counts, McRae, pages 48–49.
  12. ↑ Every Second Counts, McRae, page 51.
  13. ↑ Every Second Counts, McRae, page 53.
  14. ↑ Christiaan Barnard: his first transplants and their impact on concepts of death. p. 1478–80. 
  15. ↑ Malan, M. (1968)|Howcroft, P. (undated).
  16. ↑ Cooper (2017) Cooper DKC. Christiaan Barnard – the surgeon who dared. Fonthill Media; UK and USA: 2017. [Google Scholar]
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