Ubumsulwa

Ubumsulwa, obaziwa nangokuthi ubumsulwa, ubuhle obuhlobene nokuzithiba.Umuntu omsulwa uyazigwema ezenzweni zocansi ezibhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobulili, ngokwesimo sempilo yakhe.Kwezinye izimo, ngokwesibonelo lapho wenza isifungo sobumsulwa, ubumsulwa bungasho okufanayo nokungashadi .

Izinsolo zobumsulwa zikaHans Memling

Amagama

Amagama amsulwa nobumsulwa avela castus sesiLatini esithi castus ("ukunqunywa", "ukuhlukaniswa", "umsulwa").Amagama angene olimini lwesiNgisi cishe maphakathi nekhulu le-13.Okumsulwa kwakusho "okuhle", "okumsulwa ocansini olungekho emthethweni") noma (kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14 kuya phambili) njengebizo, intombi,ngenkathi ubumsulwa busho "ubumsulwa (ngokocansi)".

UThomas Aquinas uxhumanisa i- castus (ubumsulwa) castigo sesiLatini esithi castigo ("ukujezisa, ukukhuza, ukulungisa"), kubhekiswe ku- Aristotle 's Nicomachean Ethics : UChastity uthatha igama lakhe ekutheni isizathu "sokujezisa" inkanuko, okufana nengane, edinga ukunqandeka, njengoba isazi sefilosofi sisho .

Ezinkolweni zika-Abraham

KumaJuda amaningi, amaKristu, namaSulumane, izenzo zobulili zikhawulelwe emshadweni.Kubantu abangashadile, ubumsulwa bulingana nokuzithiba kwezocansi.Izenzo zocansi ngaphandle noma ngaphandle komshado, ezifana ukuphinga, ubufebe, futhi ngomzimba, ezibhekwa zokuziphatha okubi ngenxa nenkanuko.

UbuKristu

"Ngokuncoma kobuhle bobumsulwa" (José de Jesús María, 1601).

Amasiko

Emasikweni amaningi obuKristu, ubumsulwa bufana nobumsulwa .Ubumsulwa busho "ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kobulili ngaphakathi komuntu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubunye bangaphakathi bendoda emzimbeni wakhe nasemphefumulweni", okungathi ngokwesimo somshado womuntu kungasho ukungabi nabudlelwano bezocansi noma ukungabi nabudlelwano bezocansi ngaphandle umshado.Kusho nokuthembeka kumyeni noma unkosikazi ngesikhathi somshado. Ekuziphatheni okuhle kobuKristu baseNtshonalanga, ubumsulwa bubekwa maqondana nesono esibulalayo senkanuko, futhi buchazwa njengenye yezimfanelo eziyisikhombisa .Ukulinganiswa kwezifiso zocansi kuyadingeka ukuze kube kuhle.Isizathu, intando, nesifiso kungasebenzisana ngokuzwana ukwenza okuhle.

Njengophawu lobumsulwa bangaphakathi, amanye amaKristu akhetha ukugqoka indandatho yokuhlanzeka noma ibhande njengeCord of Saint Thomas ; iringi yobumsulwa ijwayele ukugqokwa ngaphambi kweMishado Engcwele yalabo ababizelwe impilo yokushada noma impilo yonke ezimweni lapho umuntu ebizelwa ubizo lokuphila engashadile.

Ubumsulwa bomshado

Emshadweni, abashadile bazibophezela ebudlelwaneni bempilo yonke obungafaki ukusondelana ngokocansi nabanye abantu.Uhlobo lwesithathu lobumsulwa, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ubumsulwa obubili", kulindeleke kowesifazane isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe.Isibonelo, uMbhishobhi wase-Anglican uJeremy Taylor uchaze imithetho emi-5 eHoly Living (1650), kufaka phakathi ukungavumi ukushada "inqobo nje uma esakhulelwe ngumyeni wakhe wangaphambili" futhi "kungakapheli unyaka wokulila".

Ukungashadi

ESontweni LamaRoma Katolika, ukungashadi kuyathembiswa noma kuthenjiswe njengenye yezeluleko zevangeli ngabantu bokuphila okungcwelisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-306, iSinodi ka-Elvira yavimbela abefundisi ukuba bangashadi.Lokhu kwaqiniswa ngokungalingani kwaze kwafika uMkhandlu Wesibili waseLateran ngo-1139 futhi kwatholakala indlela yawo emthethweni weCanon.Abadikoni abangashadile bathembisa ukungashadi kubhishobhi wabo wendawo lapho begcotshwa.

Abapristi bamaKhatholika aseMpumalanga bavunyelwe ukushada, inqobo nje uma bekwenza ngaphambi kokugcotshwa nangaphandle kwempilo yezindela.

Izifungo zobumsulwa

Izifungo zobumsulwa zingathathwa njengengxenye yempilo yenkolo ehlelekile (njenge-Roman Catholic Beguines neBeghards esikhathini esedlule) noma ngazodwana: njengesenzo sokuzithandela sokuzinikela, noma njengengxenye yendlela yokuphila yokuzincisha (evame ukunikelwa ukucabanga ), noma zombili. Ezinye YamaProthestani imiphakathi engokwenkolo, ezifana Bruderhof, thatha izithembiso ngobumsulwa njengengxenye isonto ubulungu inqubo.

Ukufundisa ngehlelo

UbuKatolika

Ubumsulwa ngumqondo ophakathi futhi obalulekile kuma- praxis amaRoma Katolika.Ukubaluleka kobumsulwa emfundisweni yendabuko yamaRoma Katolika kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi kubhekwa njengokusemqoka ekugcineni nasekuhlakuleleni ubunye bomzimba nomoya kanjalo nobuqotho bomuntu.:2332 Kubhekwa futhi njengokubalulekile enkambisweni yempilo yamaKhatholika ngoba ibandakanya ukufundela ukuzilawula .  : 2339 Ngokufinyelela ekunqobeni izinkanuko zomuntu, ukucabanga kwakhe, intando yakhe, nesifiso sakhe kungasebenzisana ngokuvumelanayo ukwenza okuhle.

UbuLuthela

Imfundiso yenkolo yomzimba wamaBandla amaLuthela igcizelela indima kaMoya oNgcwele, ongcwelise imizimba yamaKrestu ukuthi ibe yithempeli likaNkulunkulu.

Izindela eziningi zamaLuthela nezindelakazi zamaLuthela zenza ukungashadi, yize kweminye imiyalo yenkolo yamaLuthela akuphoqelekile.

Ubumomoni

Ku- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ubumsulwa kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokucaphuna:

"Ukusondelana ngokomzimba phakathi kwendoda nomfazi kuyingxenye enhle nengcwele yohlelo lukaNkulunkulu ngezingane zaKhe. Kuyindlela yokubonisa uthando emshadweni futhi kuvumela indoda nowesifazane ukuthi babambe iqhaza ekwakheni impilo.UNkulunkulu useyalile ukuthi lamandla angcwele akhonjiswe kuphela phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane abashade ngokusemthethweni. Umthetho wokuzigcina umsulwa usebenza kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kubandakanya ukuzithiba ngokuphelele kwezocansi ngaphambi komshado nokwethembeka okuphelele nokwethembeka koshade naye ngemuva komshado.

"Umthetho wobumsulwa udinga ukuthi ubudlelwano bezocansi bugcinelwe umshado phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane.

"Ngaphezu kokugcina ubuhlobo bezocansi emshadweni, silalela umthetho wobumsulwa ngokulawula imicabango, amazwi nezenzo zethu.UJesu Kristu wafundisa, "Nizwile kwathiwa kwabasendulo: Ungaphingi, kepha mina ngithi kuwe: Yilowo nalowo obuka owesifazane, amkhanuke, usephingile naye enhliziyweni yakhe" (Mathewu 5: 27-28). "

Ukufundiswa kwe-LDS kufaka nokuthi ukubonakaliswa kocansi emshadweni kuyinto ebalulekile yokuhlangana komshado ngaphandle, kepha hhayi ukugwema umphumela wokuzala.

AmaSulumane

Quran

Isibonelo somuntu esidume kakhulu ngobumsulwa eQuran yiVirgin Mary (Mariam):

"Futhi nisho lowo owayegade ubumsulwa bakhe, ngakho-ke savuthela ingubo yakhe ngengelosi yethu [uGabriel], samenza yena nendodana yakhe baba yisibonakaliso semihlaba." (21: 91)

Ubumsulwa yisimo sengqondo nendlela yokuphila.KuSulumane kuyigugu lomuntu siqu nelenhlalo.Umphakathi wamaSulumane akufanele uvumele ubudlelwano obuhilela noma obunikela ilayisense locansi.Amaphethini wezenhlalo kanye nemikhuba ebalwa ukushisa inkanuko yobulili ayibukelwa phansi yiSulumane, okugqugquzela ukuziphatha okubi kubandakanya imibono evumayo, imisebenzi yobuciko ethokozisayo nokwehluleka ukugxilisa izimiso zokuziphatha ezinengqondo kwabasha. Enkabeni yombono onjalo wobulili bomuntu kunenkolelo yokuthi umbono wenkululeko yomuntu akufanele neze uthathwe njengenkululeko yokweqa imithetho kaNkulunkulu ngokweqa imingcele, ngokuhlakanipha Kwakhe okungenamkhawulo, Abeke ebudlelwaneni bezocansi .

Inkolo yeBaháʼí

Ubumsulwa buhlonishwa kakhulu ku- Baháʼí Faith.Ngokufana nezinye izinkolo zika-Abraham, izimfundiso zamaBahāʼi zifuna ukuvinjelwa kwezenzo zocansi kulokho phakathi kwenkosikazi nomyeni emshadweni wamaBahāʼi, futhi kuthena amandla amalungu ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuzilibazisa ebekela sobala ezocansi.Umqondo wobumsulwa unwetshelwa ukufaka ukugwema utshwala nezidakamizwa eziguqula ingqondo, inhlamba, nokugqoka oku-gaudy noma okungenasizotha.

Ezinkolweni zaseMpumalanga

UbuHindu

Umbono wamaHindu ngobulili bangaphambi komshado bususelwa kumqondo wawo we- Ashrama (isigaba) noma izigaba zokuphila.Eyokuqala yalezi izigaba, eyaziwa ngokuthi Brahmacharya , cishe uhumusha njengoba ubumsulwa.Ukungashadi nobumsulwa ezibhekwa ukuziphatha ezifanele kokubili abesilisa kanye zesifazane abafundi phakathi nalesi sigaba, obulandela esiteji zomninindlu oshadile ( Grihastha ).AmaSanyasis nezindela zamaHindu noma amaSadhus nawo awashadi njengengxenye yesiyalo sawo sokuzincisha.

UbuSikh

KubuSikhism, ubulili bangaphambi komshado noma obengeziwe bomshado abuvumelekile.Kodwa-ke, kuyakhuthazwa ukushada futhi uphile njengeyunithi yomndeni ukuhlinzeka nokukhulisa izingane ngenzuzo engapheli yendalo (ngokungafani nesannyasa noma ukuhlala njengendela, okwakuyinto, futhi ehlala, isenzo esivamile somoya eNdiya).UmSikh uyakhuthazwa ukuthi angaphili njengomuntu ozihlalela yedwa, isinxibi, indela, indela, ukungashadi, noma kunoma yimuphi umqondo ofanayo.

UbuJain

Ukungashadi kuyisidingo kubo bonke izindela nezindela zaseJain.Ubumsulwa (Bhramacharya) ngesinye sezifungo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zobuJainism.Ikhodi yokuziphatha ejwayelekile yeJain idinga ukuthi umuntu angalimazi umuntu ophilayo emcabangweni, esenzweni, noma ezwini.Ukuphinga ngokusobala ukwephula isivumelwano sokuziphatha nomuntu oshade naye, ngakho-ke kungavunyelwe, futhi ubufebe nakho kubonakala njengokuphula isimo sobumsulwa.

UbuBuddha

Izimfundiso zobuBuddha zifaka iNoble Eightfold Path, ehlanganisa isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi isenzo esifanele .Ngaphansi Five iziyalezo izindinganiso zokuziphatha, Upāsaka futhi Upāsikā walala abalandeli okufanele adede kuyo ekuziphatheni okubi kobulili, kuyilapho Bhikkhu futhi Bhikkhuni monastics kumelwe babonise ubumsulwa esiqinile.

UbuTao

Izimiso Eziyisihlanu zenkolo yamaTao zifaka phakathi ukungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi, okuhunyushwa njengokuvimbela ucansi olungaphandle komshado lwabasebenza ngokulala kanye nokushada noma ukuya ocansini kwezindela nezindela.