Izitshalo

Izitshalo ziyingxenye yeqenbu elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo. Zingamamvelendeni (-autotrophic eukaryotes) azifunzayo, okusho ukuthi zinengqamuzana elilodwa elakheke ngendlela engelula neze, futhi azenzela wona ngokwawo ukudla. Imvamisa, awakwazi ukunyakaza (singakubali ukukhula). Izitshalo ngokuyinhloko ziyizimvelendeni ezimdibakhanya (photosynthetic eukaryotes) zombuso izimila. Ngokomlando, umbuso wezimila engunga zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingezona izilwane, futhi zihlanganisa nokhunta fungi) kanye ne-algea; Nokho, zonke izincaziselo zesimila aziyifaki ukhunta nengxenye ye-algea, kanye nezinswelandeni (izingunazane nezinungwana). Ngokwencasiselo eyodwa, izitshalo zakhe isigabana sezitshalo eziluhlaza (clade Viridiplantae) (elimndeni owodwa)