Ukubhangqisa

Ukubhangqisa noma Ukuguqulela kwezezibhangqiwe inqubo yokuguqula ukwaziswa kube isinikino sezezibhangqiwe (i.e. ukuyenza ifundwe isicikizi). Umphumela kube ukufuzwa kwento, umfanekiso, umsindo, umbhalo, noma isiyabizo (imvama kuba isiyabizo senzuko) etholwe ngokuphehla uchunge lwamanani achazisa iqoqo elilubandlu lwezangulo. Umphumela ubizwa ufuzo lwezezibhangqiwe, noma phecelezi, isithombe sezezibhangqiwe uma kuyinto, noma isimo sezezibhangqiwe uma kuyisiyabizo. Kwinsebenzo yanamuhla, imininingo eguqulelwe kwezezibhangqiwe isesimweni samanani abhangqiwe (amabhangqa), ancedisa ukudludlungwa ngezicikizi zezibhangqiwe kanye neminye imigidingo, kodwa ukubhangqisa kusho "ukuguqulwa komthako wenzuko kube isinikino sezibalo"; isimiso seshumi noma esinye samanani singasetshenziswa ngokufanayo.

Ukubhangqisa kumqoka kakhulu ekudludlungeni imininingo, ukuyiqoqonga, nasekuyifufukiseni, ngokuba "kuvumela ukwaziswa kwazo zonke izinikino ukuba kuthwalwe ngemfanelo efanayo futhi kudidiyelwe." Nakuba imininingo yenzuko ivame ukuba ngezinzile, imininingo yezezibhangqiwe kulula ukuba yabelwe futhi ifikelelwe, futhi ngokombono, ingasatshalaliswa ngokungenasiphelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphehleka, uma nje izofudukiselwa ezinikinweni ezintsha, ezizinzile, ngokwesidingo. Lamathuba sewaholele ezinkebengweni zokuguqulelweni kwezezibhangqiwe kwezikhungo okuklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ufikelelo kanye nokukhula okukhulu komkhakha wokukhweza ngezezibhangqiwe.

INqubo

Ibizo elithi ukubhangqanisa imvama lisetshenziswa lapho izinhlobo ezihlukene zokwaziswa, ezifana nento, isiqakaqo, umsindo, umfanekiso, noma iphimbo, ziguqulelwa kumkitizo wamabhangqa. Umnyombo walenqubo ungukuvumelana okwenzeka phakathi kwesilekeleli esithwebulayo kanye nesilekeleli esidlalayo ukuze iziphumo ezivelayo zifuze umthombo wendabuko ngokwethembeka okukhulu, futhi umenzelelo wokubhangqanisa usejubaneni nasekunembeni lolohlobo lokwaziswa olungafufikiswa ngalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka uma kuqhathaniswa nokwaziswa kwenzuko.

Ukwaziswa kwezezibhangqiwe butholakala buyinani elilodwa kwamabili, bungaba yi-0 noma i-1. Lamanani aziwa ngokuthi izincwana, bese uchunge lwezi-0 nezi-1 olwakha ukwaziswa lona lubizwe ngokuthi izincu.^[1]

Iziyabizo zenzuko zingakanani aqhubeka umlibe. Kodwa iziyabizo zezezibhangqiwe zilubandlu (amanani abandluliwe elinye kwelinye).

Ukubhangqanisa kwenzeka ngezingxenye izimbili:

Ukubandlula: ukufundwa kwesiyabizo senzuko A, kanye, ngezikhathi ezithile eziyizikhawu zomjinge, ukusangulwa kwenani lesiyabizo. Ukufundwa ngakunye okunjena kubizwa isangulo futhi kungathathwa njengokunemba okungapheliyo kukesigaba;
Ukungakanisa: Izangulo zihlanganiswa zibe iqoqo elilodwa lamanani aziwa ngokuthi imingakaniso.

Ngokuvamile, zombili lezinto zingenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa , nakuba ziyizicabango ezihlukene.

Uhide lwamanani wezezibhangqiwe lunngaguqulwa kube isiphumo senzuko esicishe silingane nesiyabizo zenzuko sendabuko. Lokhu kuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuthi INguquko yenzuko eba ngezezezibhangqiwe. Izinga lokusangula nenani lezincwana ezisetshenziswa ukufuza amanani ziyahlangana ukunqumela icishelo lesiyabizo senzuko ukubhangqanisa okuzoba naso.

Umlando

1957 Kwaqanjwa IsiCikizi esaziwa ngokuthi phecelezi The Standards Electronic Automatic Computer (SEAC).^[2] Ngalowo nyaka, uRussell Kirsch wasebenzisa isigqayi somgqomo oshwilayo nesijijabane (photomultiplier) esixhinywe esiCikizini i-SEAC ukuze akhande umfanekiso wezezibhangqiwe wokuqala (onemiqavo engama-176x176) esusela esithombeni sendodana yakhe ewusana.^[3]^[4] Lomfanekiso waqoqongwa enkumbulweni ye-SEAC ngesibalimininingo futhi ungabukwa nge memory cathode ray oscilloscope'.^[5]^[4]
1971 Kwaqanjwa izilekeleli ezibhaqwe umlelesa (Charge-Coupled Devices) ezazenza ukuguqulela kusuka emniningweni yenzulo kuya kweyezibhangqiwe kube lula.^[2]
1986 umsebenzi wokuveza isinikino esibizwa JPEG waqala.^[2]
1990s Imitapolwazi yaqala ukugqaya amaqoqo ukuze ihlinzeke ngofikelelo ngesizindalwazi.^[6]

Imithombo

↑ Flew, Terry. 2008. New Media An Introduction. South Melbourne. 3rd Edition. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "What is the History of Digitization?". Kodak Digitizing. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-04-14.
↑ "Square Pixel Inventor Tries to Smooth Things Out". Wired (in i-English). ISSN 1059-1028. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-04-14.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kirsch, R. A. (2001, January). Computer development at the National Bureau of Standards. A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology: A Chronicle of Selected NBS/NIST Publications, 1901-2000. https://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15421coll5/id/1386
↑ Kirsch, R. A. (1988). Earliest image processing. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 20(2). https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=821701
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :922

[1] Flew, Terry. 2008. New Media An Introduction. South Melbourne. 3rd Edition. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

[:6-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "What is the History of Digitization?". Kodak Digitizing. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-04-14.

[3] "Square Pixel Inventor Tries to Smooth Things Out". Wired (in i-English). ISSN 1059-1028. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-04-14.

[:7-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kirsch, R. A. (2001, January). Computer development at the National Bureau of Standards. A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology: A Chronicle of Selected NBS/NIST Publications, 1901-2000. https://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15421coll5/id/1386

[5] Kirsch, R. A. (1988). Earliest image processing. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 20(2). https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=821701

[:922-6] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :922

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