Nelson Mandela

UNelson Rolihlahla Mandela owazalwa ngo 18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013 wayengumshisekeli we-bandarheid waseNingizimu Afrika futhi engumholi wezombusazwe owayengumongameli wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-1999. Wayengumholi we qembu elincani . Ngokwemibono wayengumlandeli wobuzwe wase-Afrika futhi engumsekeli wesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, wasebenza njengomongameli weqembu le-I-African National Congress (ANC) kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1997.

U Mandela wazalelwa emndenini wasebukhosini waseThembu I-Mvezo, eNingizimu Afrika. Wafundela umthetho e-I-University of Fort Hare nase-University de Witwatersrand ngaphambi kokuba asebenze njengomeli IGoli. Lapho wahileleka kwezombusazwe ezilwa namakoloni nezobuzwe base-Afrika, wajoyina i-ANC ngo-1943 futhi wasungula i-Youth League ngonyaka wa-1944. Ngemuva kokuba uhulumeni we-National Party wabamhlophe kuphela usungule ubandlululo, uhlelo Ukuhlukaniswa ngokohlanga olwalunikeza abamhlophe ilungelo, uMandela ne-ANC bazibophezele ekubhidlikeni. Wakhethwa njengomongameli wegatsha laseTransvaal le-ANC, wavelela ngokuzibandakanya kwakhe eMkhankasweni Wokuvikela wango-1952 kanye ne-Congress of the People ka-1955. Waboshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yemisebenzi ukuvukela umbuso futhi washushiswa ngokungaphumeleli eNkantolo Yokuvukela Uhulumeni ka-1956. Ethonywe yiMarxism, wajoyina ngasese ingalo yomthetho evinjelwe. Nakuba ekuqaleni ayezinikele ekubhikisheni okungenabudlova, ehlangene ne-SACP wasungula i-UMkhonto we Sizwe ngo-1961 eyahola umkhankaso ukucekela phansi uhulumeni wobandlululo. Waboshwa futhi waboshwa ngo-1962, futhi, ngemuva kwe-Rivonia Trial, wagwetshwa ukudilikelwa ejele ngenxa yokuzama ukugumbuqela umbuso.