Wikipedia

Amanguni

Abantu abangamaNguni bayiqembu lezinhlanga zamaBantu ezihlobene kakhulu ezihlala eSouthern Africa .Ngokuyinhloko bahlala eNingizimu Afrika . Abantu baseSwazini bahlala eNingizimu Afrika nase- Eswatini, kanti amaNdebele ahlala eNingizimu Afrika naseZimbabwe .Iqembu lamaNguni ahlala esikhathini samanje iMalawi neZambia futhi aziwa ngokuthi ngamaNgoni.Bobabili amaNdebele aseZimbabwe kanye namaNgoni bathuthela enyakatho baphuma eNingizimu Afrika ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

ENingizimu Afrika, imibuso yamaNguni eyingqophamlando yamaNdebele, amaSwazi, amaXhosa kanye namaZulu isezifundazweni zanamuhla zase- Eastern Cape, eGauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, eLimpopo naseMpumalanga . Okuphawuleka kakhulu kulemibuso ngumbuso wakwaZulu, owawuphethwe nguShaka, inkosi eyiqhawe enamandla eyanqoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kanye noMbuso WamaXhosa, owawudume kabi hhayi kuphela ngokunqoba kwawo ezimpini zangaphambi kwekoloniyali kodwa ngezimpi elalilwa neBrithani kanye namakholoni eladonsa iminyaka eyi-100.EZimbabwe amaNdebele ahlala kakhulu ezifundazweni zaseMatabeleland . [1]

Umlando hlela

 
Indlu yendabuko yamaNguni evela esigodini samaNguni eNingizimu Afrika, c. 1900

Okuningi kokukholelwa ngomlando wasendulo wamaNguni kuvela emlandweni wezomlomo nasezinganekwaneni. Ngokwesiko kuthiwa okhokho babo bafudukela esifundeni se-Great Lakes e-Afrika besuka eNyakatho.Ngokobufakazi bezilimi — bodwa — nezazi-mlando (kubandakanya uJohn H. Robertson, uRebecca Bradley, uT Russel, uFabio Silva noJames Steele) okhokho babantu besizwe samaNguni bafuduka besuka entshonalanga ye-Geographic Centre of Africa [2] baya kulezinsuku zanamuhla INingizimu Afrika eminyakeni engama-7000 edlule (5000 BC).[3] [4]Abantu abangamaNguni base bafudukele ngaphakathi eNingizimu Afrika baya KwaZulu-Natal ngekhulu lokuqala AD, futhi babekhona esifundeni saseTransvaal ngasikhathi sinye. [5] [6]Abantu baseNguni bafika nezimvu, izinkomo, izimbuzi kanye nezitshalo ze-horticultural, eziningi zazo ezazingakaze zisetshenziswe eNingizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhathi. [7]

Ezinye izifundazwe eNingizimu Afrika yanamuhla, njenge- Eastern Cape, zabona ukuvela kwezikhulumi zesiNguni ngasikhathi sinye. [8]Amanye amaqembu ahlukana ahlala endleleni, kanti amanye aqhubeka.Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa iphethini elandelayo yokuhlala: amaNdebele aseningizimu enyakatho, amaSwazi enyakatho-mpumalanga, amaXhosa eningizimu namaZulu ngasempumalanga.Ngenxa yokuthi laba bantu banemvelaphi efanayo, izilimi namasiko abo akhombisa ukufana okuphawuleka.Okhokho balezi Nguni ekugcineni wahlangana futhi ihlanganiswe ne -San abazingeli, yimaphi ama-akhawunti ngokusebenzisa kwabo 'chofoza "ngezilimi zabo.

Yize kuthiwa amaNdebele aseNyakatho aqhamuka kubantu beNguni, lokhu kuyiqiniso kwabanye babo kuphela. AmaNdebele aseNingizimu Afrika ( amaNdebele aseningizimu ) yiqembu lokuqala ukwehlukana nezinye izinhlanga zamaNguni, ngemuva kokungena eNingizimu Afrika yanamuhla nokuzinza esifundeni saseTransvaal kusukela ngonyaka we-1500. Imindeni yamaNguni eyayisele yaqhubekela phambili eningizimu. Labo abaya eningizimu-ntshonalanga bagcina sebezibiza ngamaXhosa, kanti iningi lemindeni eyathuthela eningizimu-mpumalanga yagcina ihlanganiswe ngenkani ngaphansi kwamaZulu lapho uShaka (amaZulu akhe ayeyisizwe esincane ngaphansi kwenhlangano yakwaMthethwa eyayiholwa nguDingiswayo, umphathi kaShaka ) wahlasela Ndwandwe umbimbi ngaphansi Zwide Kalanga.Ngaphambi kokwehlulwa kwabo nguShaka Zulu babehlala endaweni esenyakatho yoMfula uMhlathuze naseningizimu yoPhongolo .Emva bo ehlulwa bethuthela yizimbaxa lomfula Nkomati, phakathi kwezinye izindawo (nomunye ojenene Zwide sika, Zwangendaba kaJele aze Malawi / Tanzania).UMzilikazi, inkosi yesizwe sakwaKhumalo, waba ngomunye wojenene abakhulu bukaShaka ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezigaba.Ebuya ekugaseleni nempi yakhe, wazigcinela ezinye zezinkomo ezebiwe kunokuba azinikeze umphathi wakhe, uShaka, njengokujwayelekile.Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwakujeziswa ngokufa.Kwathunyelwa ibutho ukuzojezisa lo jenene, okwaholela ekubeni abaleke namakhulu abalandeli bakhe, ekugcineni wagcina esesifundeni saseTransvaal lapho bahlangana khona namaMandebele (angahlobene).AmaManala Ndebele ayebuthaka ngokwehlukana kwabo neNzunza Ndebele ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili kuya kwamathathu behleli endaweni yaseTransvaal.Ukwehlukaniswa kwaholela ekutheni iningi lesizwe lihambe noNzunza kanye nedlanzana noManala. AmaNzunza Ndebele afudukela enyakatho, kwathi iManala Ndebele, eyayakhiwe kakhulu ngabesifazane, yahlala ePitoli yanamuhla.Ngenkathi uMzilikazi efika, wabulala inkosi yaseManala Ndebele, iNkosi uSilamba, bahlala lapho isikhashana ngaphambi kokudlulela enyakatho, bagcina eZimbabwe yanamuhla cishe ngonyaka we-1839.Ngesikhathi befika eZimbabwe yanamuhla, umndeni wakwaMzilikazi wakwaKhumalo (owawuhlanganiswe nezinye izinhlanga, njengamaSuthu, amaTswana kanye namanye amaNgunisi aseNingizimu Afrika) ayaziwa ngokuthi amaNdebele.Ukunqoba okuqhubekayo nokuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu aseZimbabwe (njengamaKalanga namaRozwi) kwakusho ukuthi amaKhumalo okuqala avela kwaZulu ekugcineni ayeyidlanzana kulesi sizwe esikhulu, esasihlanganiswe ulimi oluvamile lwesiNguni, isiNdebele.

Izizwe eziningi nemindeni kuthiwa zazihlanganiswe ngenkani ngaphansi kukaShaka Zulu.Inhlangano yezepolitiki kaShaka Zulu yayisebenza kahle ekuhlanganiseni izizwe "ezinqotshiwe", ngokwengxenye yeminyaka yobudala, lapho amadoda avela ezigodini ezahlukahlukene ehlangene.

 
Umgexo owenziwe ngamazinyo enja, osetshenziswa emikhosini yenkolo yabantu abangamaNguni. Museum of Gems and Jewellery, eKapa

Inhlangano yomphakathi hlela

Ezizweni zamaNguni, umndeni, osuselwe okhokho besilisa, wakha isigaba esiphakeme kakhulu senhlalo .Umndeni ngamunye waholwa yisikhulu.Amadoda anethonya azama ukuthola inkululeko ngokuzakhela imindeni yawo.Amandla enduna ngokuvamile ayexhomeke ekutheni angabamba kahle kanjani umndeni wakhe ndawonye.Kusukela cishe ngonyaka we-1800, ukuvela kwesizwe samaZulu samaNguni, kanye neMfecane eyalandela eyayihambisana nokwanda kwamaZulu ngaphansi kukaShaka, yasiza ekuqhubeni inqubo yokubambisana phakathi nokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwemindeni eminingi emincane.

Isibonelo, umbuso wase-Eswatini wakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngamaqembu ahlukene esiNguni ahlangana nomndeni wakwaDlamini ekulweni nosongo lokuhlaselwa kwangaphandle.Namuhla, umbuso uhlanganisa imindeni eminingi eyahlukene ekhuluma ulimi lwesiNguni olubizwa ngokuthi amaSwati futhi athembekile enkosini yaseSwatini, futhi eyinhloko yesizwe sakwaDlamini. 

  1. ↑ www.northernndebele.blogspot.com
  2. ↑ Oliver, R. (1966). "The Problem of the Bantu Expansion". The Journal of African History, 7(3), 361-376. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/180108
  3. ↑ Modelling the Spread of Farming in the Bantu-Speaking Regions of Africa: An Archaeology-Based Phylogeography. 
  4. ↑ A New Paradigm: The African Early Iron Age without Bantu Migrations. 
  5. ↑ Four Iron Age women from KwaZulu-Natal: biological anthropology, genetics and archaeological context. 
  6. ↑ The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa. 
  7. ↑ Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective 
  8. ↑ Archaeological Reconnaissance in Pondoland. 
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