IChwe

IChwe liyinhlayiyana eneNuzi eyakhiwa iziNelesi neziNtunge ezizungezwe ifu leziNzuba ezibanjwe ngokwenzubawonga. IChwe liyinhlayiyana eyisiseko yezinhlwa zevanga, futhi lezo zinhlwa zibandlulana ngenani leziNelesi ezisemachweni azo. Ngokwesibonelo, noma yiliphi ichwe eliqukethe iziNelesi eziyi-11 liyiNaside, futhi noma yiliphi ichwe eliqukethe iziNelesi ezingama-29 liwusoklele. Inani lezintunge lichasisa IChembe laleyonhlwa.

isithombe esinyakazayo sezinzuba ezizungeza indeni yechwe

AmaChwe mancinyane ngokweqile, ngokuvamile angamapikomitha angu-100 ububanzi. Ububanzi bonwele lomuntu cishe buyisigidi samachwe omcalahle ngokwesilinganiso. Okusho ukuthi buncane ukwedlula ngisho nebangacuphi elifushane kakhulu lesokhanya, nokuyinto esho ukuthi abantu abasoze bawabone amachwe nangezibonancinci zabo zesimanje. Ubuncane bawo benza ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuziphatha kwawo ngokusebenzisa umchazandalo omdala kungabi nokwenzeka ngenxa yemithelela yoMngako.

Isisindo seChwe esingaphezu kwama-99 casha 94 ekhulwini (99.94%) sechwe siseNuzini. Izinelesi zinomlelesa wamazuba ovumayo, izinzuba zona zinomlelesa wamazuba ophikayo, bese izintunge zona azinawo umlelesa wamazuba. Uma inani lezinelesi nezinzuba lilingene, khona ichwe alichemile ngokwamazuba. Uma ichwe linezinzuba ezimbalwa kunezinelesi, khona lisuke linomlelesa ophikayo noma ovumayo, futhi amachwe aloluhlobo abizwa izihonyo.

Izinzuba zechwe zihehelwa ezinelesini ezisendenini yechwe yisiphoqi senzubawonga. Izinelesi nezintunge ezisendenini zihehana zodwa ngesiphoqi senuzi. Lesiphoqi imvama sinamandla kunesiphoqi senzubawonga esiphebeza izinelesi ezinomlelesa ovumayo ukuba zingahlangani. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isiphoqi senzubawonga esiphebezayo siba namandla kunesiphoqi senuzi. Lapho kwenzeka lokhu, inuzi iyaqephuka futhi ishiya ngemuva izinhlwa ezihlukene. Lesi yisimo sokuwohloka kweNuzi

Amachwe angazinameka kwamanye amachwe, elilodwa noma ukweqa, ngokuzibhonqa ngokwevanga ukuze abumbe imixube yevanga efana nemizwayi noma imincwebe. Ikhono lamachwe lokuzinameka nokuzi-detach yilona olwenza kube noshintsho olubonwayo emvelweni. Umchazatho lunguqeqesho olufunda ngaloloshintsho..

uMlando womchachiso weChwe

Kwinjulalwazi

Umchachoso oyisiseko wokuthi uTho lwakhiwa izinhlayiyana ezincane ezingahlukani uyisu elidala elavela endulo. Lona umchachiso owawuasekwe kwinhluzeko yenjulalwazi kunasenhluzekweni yenzululwazi. Umchachiso weChwe wanamuhla awusekwanga kulezo zicabango zanguna.^[1]^[2]

uMthetho ka-Dalton wezilinganiso eziningi

Amachwe nemizwayi ziboniswe encwadini ka-John Dalton A New System of Chemical Philosophy vol. 1 (1808)

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1800, umchaziwotho u-John Dalton wahlanganisa imininingo yomgcanso eqoqwe nguye nabanye osonzululwazi futhi wavubukula isifanelo namuhla esaziwa ngokuthi "umthetho wezilinganiso eziningi". Waqaphela ukuthi imiXube yevanga equkethe inhlwa yevanga ethile, isiqikili saleyonhlwa kulemiXube sizohluka ngobunzima ngokucakathisa kwamanani aphelele amancane. Lesi sifanelo sasikisela ukuthi inhlwa yevanga ngayinye izixuba nezinye izinhlwa ngomuvo oyisiseko wobunzima, futhi uDalton wagqiba ngokuthi abize lemivo ngokuthi "amachwe".

Icansi lobunkathi

Ngonyaka we-1870, uDmitri Mendeleev waqaphela ukuthi lapho ebeka izinhlwa ngojenga zilandelane ngobunzima bechwe, kwakunobunkathi ezakhini zawo. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlwa yesithathu, yayinezakhiwo ezifanayo nenhlwa yethoba, iNaside, kanye nenhlwa yeshumi nesithupha, umkhosha — isikhawu sesikhombisa. Ngokufanayo, iBehlezani, uMgethe nomCaphama nazo zazinokufana futhi ziqhelelene ngezikhawu zesikhombisa ecansini likaMendeleev. Esebenzisa lezifanelo, uMendeleev waqagula ubukhona nezakhi zezinhlwa ezintsha ezavubukulwa kamuva emvelweni: scandium, gallium, germanium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, icansi lezinhlwa lalikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi ichwe lingazibhonqa namachwe wezinye izinhlwa ezingaki — isb., ichwe lomCalahle nechwe le germanium angahlangana namachwe lesOrhwe njengoba womabili aseqenjini elilodwa. UMendeleev wathola lezifanelo zifakaziswe umchachiso wobuchwe ngoba zaziveza ukuthi amachwe angajinjwa ngobunzima bawo.

Imithombo

↑ Pullman, Bernard (1998). The Atom in the History of Human Thought. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-0-19-515040-7. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 25 October 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Melsen (1952). From Atomos to Atom, pp. 18–19

[1] Pullman, Bernard (1998). The Atom in the History of Human Thought. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-0-19-515040-7. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 25 October 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[2] Melsen (1952). From Atomos to Atom, pp. 18–19

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